History of Arabic literature

 

1600 years is the period that reviewed the literary works in what is called the literary eras and is divided into:

 Pre-Islamic era (after the fifth century AD to the early seventh century, which is the time of the Prophet’s migration)

 The Islamic era includes three periods:

1- The prophetic era, which ends with the death of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) in the year 632 AD

2- The Rashidun era, which ends with the establishment of the Umayyad state in the year 661 AD

3 - The Umayyad era, which ends with the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in the year 750 AD

The Abbasid era, which includes two eras:

1- The first Abbasid era, which ends with the rule of the Seljuks in the year 1058 AD

2 - The second Abbasid era, which ends with the fall of Baghdad in the year 1258 AD

 The Ottoman era: It included the era of the influence of the Tatars, and the era of the Ottomans in the Arab East until the end of their influence in Egypt with the beginning of the 19th century AD.

The modern era includes two eras:

1 - The era of the modern Arab renaissance, which ends with the First World War in 1914 AD.

2- The era of contemporary literature, which begins after that and continues to this day.

Of course, not everyone who writes a book or composes poetry in our time deserves the craft of literature.

Literature is a form of life.

You may find that it is a bit philosophical, but I will try to simplify things as much as possible.

  If we say that literature is a picture of life, then it is indeed so. We have previously indicated that the writer is the one who shares his emotions, feelings, and outlook on life, so he sends his spirit between the pages of a book, poem, story, or art. These ideas are brought to reality, and a new breath is breathed into them, so people share them with each other.

Factors influencing Arabic literature.

The writer is originally a person affected by his surroundings and his social, political, cultural, and educational environment, and thus the personality of the writer and his literary inclinations are formed.

The environment or the nature in which the writer grew up is the one who refines his sense and refreshes his thoughts.

And if we bring the picture closer, for example, the nature of the poets of the desert regions is not like the areas that are covered with greenery and humidity.

Socially, the writer is influenced by his family, under whose shadow he grew up, and by the society in which he grew up. Hunger is the opposite of satiety, and poverty is the opposite of wealth, in addition to what the tribe, state, or emirate lives in terms of safety or war.

Finally, the personality of the writer himself may constitute a dividing line between all the factors that we have mentioned. Every writer has a mind and a special mood that makes him different from others.

Therefore, we will find that each literary era has its own sect according to the factors influencing the time.

The scholar Ibn Khaldun, the author of the introduction, said: “This knowledge – it means literature – does not have a topic that looks at proving or denying its symptoms, but what is meant by the people of the tongue is its fruit, which is proficiency in the art of the system and the scattered on the methods and aspects of the Arabs……”

Ibn Khaldun went on defining it until he reached his saying: “...then if they wanted to limit this art, they said: Literature is memorizing the poetry of the Arabs and their news and taking from every knowledge a party.”

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